What's the Iran Nuclear Deal and What Does its Revival Mean?
The Iran nuclear deal was also called the Joint Comprehensive Plan Of action, and it is claimed significant because it was a huge deal signed by extreme opponents, including the USA and Iran. Another reason it is known for is that this was a huge milestone achieved in President Barrack Obama's second-year presidency. An accord was signed with eight parties involved and was meant to limit and constrain Tehran's ( Iran's capital) nuclear abilities. In return, international oil and financial sanctions would be lifted.
This accord needed to be supervised for 15-25 years by the eight parties, namely UK, US, Iran, EU, Russia, France, Germany, and China. In January 2016, the International Atomic Agency verified publicly that Iran had completed the necessary steps, and the JCPOA's second phase began, and the US began lifting the nuclear constraints on Iran. It had been proven to be challenging to maintain the accord, but it went on successfully.
However, in May 2018, President Donald Trump pulled out of the deal to maintain the accord, which made headlines as one of his biggest foreign policy decisions since he joined office. "It is clear to me that we cannot prevent an Iranian nuclear bomb under the decaying and rotten structure of the current agreement," Said Trump.
This action was strongly opposed by three of the parties involved in JCPOA- France, Germany, and the UK. These three countries were America's top allies, but now there were definitely tensions. Iran gave mixed messages, but the president, Hassan Rouhani, did warn that Iran could resume the enrichment of uranium if the Iran Nuclear Agreement collapses. This enrichment of Uranium had decreased to a level of 3.67% by January 2016 as one of the necessary steps of the JCPOA.
Now, The Biden presidency has offered to restart talks. The administration wants to revive the 2015 nuclear deal, but demands to see the changes that were required from Iran (when the deal was formed) before it revives it. Iran, on the other hand, requires America to take the first step before making any changes. Owing to this, the Biden administration has begun to join the European parties involved in the JCPOA, to start talks with Iran.
Analysts say that this revival of Iran's nuclear weapon deal could mean escalating tensions and the possibility of conflicts between Iran and its rivals- Israel and Saudi Arabia.
Analysts from Reuters- Parisa Hafezi and John Irish have also pointed out that Khamenei's election agenda can slow down the revival. Summarizing the report, the supreme leader in Iran who is expected to replace the current president, Hassan Rouhani, believes in reviving the Iran Nuclear Deal but doesn't mind more time to negotiate the revival and continue the talks for longer, slowing down the entire revival in the long run.
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